Resilient Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Automatic Generation Control Under Adversarial Perturbations
An efficient method is proposed to improve the cyber-physical resilience of multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG)-based automatic generation control (AGC) against malicious adversarial perturbations in the agents’ observation space. We first provide a sensitivity analysis demonstrating that the Jacobian of deep neural network (DNN) policies can amplify small perturbations into large and suboptimal control…
Feedback-Driven Population Self-Evolution Framework for Dispatching Rule Generation in Dynamic Job Shop via Knowledge Distillation
The dynamic job shop scheduling problem (DJSSP) is critical for optimizing production efficiency in intelligent manufacturing systems under dynamic constraints. Traditional approaches, including heuristic dispatching rules (HDRs) and evolutionary hyper-heuristics, often struggle to generalize across dynamic and unseen scheduling scenarios. The advent of large language models (LLMs) offers new opportunities for scheduling optimization, yet their…
Building a Foundation Stack for General-Purpose Robots
This article is brought to you by X Square Robot.Large language models gave artificial intelligence a working recipe. Pretrain a large model on broad data, and general capability follows. Robotics has no such recipe. Robotics systems have long been assembled from separate perception, planning, and control parts that rarely add up to intelligence a robot…
Video Friday: Give Robots a Hand
Video Friday is your weekly selection of awesome robotics videos, collected by your friends at IEEE Spectrum robotics. We also post a weekly calendar of upcoming robotics events for the next few months. Please send us your events for inclusion.RSS 2026: 13–17 July 2026, SYDNEYSummer School on Multi-Robot Systems: 29 July–4 August 2026, PRAGUEActuate 2026:…
Award-Winning Researcher Trains Robots to Make Educated Guesses
Yen-Ling Kuo always wanted to understand how things worked. When she was growing up in Taiwan, reading the story of Michael Faraday in elementary school piqued her curiosity about the natural world. During that time, she was introduced to Logo, a computer program with a turtle cursor to help children learn basic coding through hands-on…
MIT’s AI Robotics Lab Director Is Building People-Centered Robots
Daniela Rus has spent her career breaking barriers—scientific, social, and material—in her quest to build machines that amplify rather than replace human capability. She made robotics her life’s work, she says, because she understood it was a way to expand the possibilities of computing while enhancing human capabilities.“I like to think of robotics as a…
Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Automation and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Construction and Building
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Vision-Based Autonomous Robotic Arc Welding: State-of-the-Art Review and Perspectives
Robotic welding is an essential technology in industrial production. Various sensors are integrated into robotic welding systems to enhance welding efficiency and quality. Due to their advantages of non-contact measurement, high information capacity, and high accuracy, vision sensors play an increasingly important role in robotic autonomous welding. Therefore, the latest vision-based autonomous robotic arc welding…
Adaptive Excavation Automation in Complex Soil Environments Using Reinforcement Learning
This paper presents an advanced excavation automation framework that improves trajectory efficiency and improves operational stability in diverse and complex soil conditions. The framework integrates the fundamental equation of earthmoving (FEE) with the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm to enable adaptive trajectory planning during excavation. Using these estimates, the PPO algorithm iteratively optimizes excavation strategies…
Video Friday: A Soft Robot Companion
Video Friday is your weekly selection of awesome robotics videos, collected by your friends at IEEE Spectrum robotics. We also post a weekly calendar of upcoming robotics events for the next few months. Please send us your events for inclusion.ACTUATE 2025: 23–24 September 2025, SAN FRANCISCOCoRL 2025: 27–30 September 2025, SEOULIEEE Humanoids: 30 September–2 October…